Socrates a revolutionary thinker - Free Essay Example

Socrates was known as the father of western philosophy. His new ways of thinking had brought a revolutionary change in ancient Greece; His studies had transformed people view of philosophy. Socrates radical ways of thinking had made him both popular and unpopular among the citizens of Athens. After his death, philosophers debated if Socrates theory were ever the act of a wise man spreading logic and reason or was he a madman spreading false wisdom. According to the article Twilight of idols Fredrich Nietzsche, he criticizes Socrates traditional philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th-century German philosopher who throughout his career, he has published numerous works of philosophy including the two principal articles Twilight of Idols and Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Nietzsche tries to attempt to reveal the motives that underlie traditional western philosophy in the twilight of idols. He uses Twilight of idols to debates Socrates last words, comparing his ideal of health to Plato/Socrates, and his critique of metaphysics. Nietzsche Twilight of idols to debates Socrates last words. Before Socrates death, he said: to livethat means to be sick a long time: I owe Asclepius the Savior a rooster (Socrates 1). Asclepius is the god of healing and one pays with the rooster after being cure of illness. In his last words, Socrates implies that life is a disease only cured by death. Socrates concluded that he was tormented by sickness of living. However, Nietzsche argues that such a perspective on life is only revealing different kind of life but not life itself. He believed that Socrates sickness played a factor in his search for the value of life as opposition to give value to his life. Nietzsche states we should give value to our lives based on our passions compared to an objectively set standard for the need good is what we should go for since Nietzsche explains value of life cannot be estimated(Socrates 2). He also claims that objective judgement that concern life made by Socrates are false accusations influ enced by symptoms of his condemned life. According to Nietzsche, Socrates has lived a life of such decadent. A corrupt leader who instinct of decadent was a natural impulse. That is to say it would be better to live a life not worth living such as the one Socrates had lived . Overall Nietzsche views Socrates as a sick unhappy man that wished for death. In Twilight of idols Nietzsche criticizes his perspective of health versus Socrates/Plato of health. Socrates last words defined his idea of the health and virtue of the human soul. According to Socrates to contain the health of the soul, one must fight against all bodily pleasures and urges. So, when Socrates stated that to live means to be sick a long time (Socrates 2) he was implying that throughout his life he had to fight consistently for the purification of his soul until death. Socrates believed that the soul was immortal, so he explained that death is not the end of the soul existence, but soul separating from the body. Throughout the centuries many philosophers have debated Socrates theory on purification of the soul. For instance, following in his teachers footsteps, Plato fully believed in the soul being immortal and argued the importance of keeping the soul pure. He believed that we would be reward not only in life but reward after death if we followed purification of the soul. Plato also argue how our bodily pleasures taints the purification of our soul. However, some philosophers like Nietzsche would disagree with Socrates theory about the health of the human soul. Philosopher Nietzsche claims Socrates to be a sick man who went against the instinct of life. He states Socrates as a sick corrupt leader that tries to estimate the value of life by labeling it good. Nietzsche also concluded that all philosophers who say life is useless shows a sickness that has clouded their judgment (Socrates 2). He believes that we cannot estimate the value of life; therefore, we cannot judge the value of life for it is meaningless. So, while Plato and Socrates agree to keep the soul healthy one must spend their life resisting their bodily urges until cured by death. Nietzsche disagrees with both philosophers saying Socrates theory of the soul will only spread sickness among philosophers and is foolish. Nietzsches uses the article Twilight of Idols to express his critique of metaphysics. Nitezchs claim that Socrates last dying words were based more on reason oppose to instinct. He believed that through the power of reason he could gain control over his body .Socrates belief in the authority of reason came from his idea of being. This idea of being came from the belief in the metaphysical world versus the physical world. Metaphysical world is the invisible world of mind and ideas compare to the physical world that is a visible world of sight and things seen. Metaphysicians made a moral judgment against these two different. They believed the metaphysical world to be good and immortal because of its goodness. But metaphysicians judge the visible world to be evil and flawed. Nietzsches question why the physical world should be degraded compared to the metaphysical world. He stated the metaphysical world was thought to be permanent and stable enteral reality with no change. Compared to the physical world which was constantly changing and transforming known as the becoming. Nietzsche concluded that since the metaphysical world was stable and permanent reality that it was consider good because the physical world was always changing it was considered to be consider evil. Nietzsche only believed there to be physical world that is true and logical compare to Metaphysical world that is just an illusion. He believes the invisible world was created for one to secret escaped from the pain and suffering of visible world. Socrates was a revolutionary thinker that had changed the ways of common beliefs in western philosophy. Socrates philosophy has caused many philosophy to debate over his theories. Philosopher Fredrich Nietzsche used this article Twilight of the Idols to debate Socrates traditional western philosophy. Based on his last words, Nietzsche believed Socrates was a sick man who truly believed that life was a disease only cured by death. Socrates last word also indicate his idea of the virtue and health of the human soul. He believed that fighting his instincts would keep his soul healthy and pure. However, Nietzsche argues that fighting our instinct goes against our human nature, therefore, making it an unhealthy belief. Besides criticizes the health of the human soul, Nietzsche also points out that the metaphysical world is an illusion for people like Socrates to escape reality because the physical world is only the actual real world.

What I Think About Behavioral Therapy - 938 Words

Behavioral therapy can be used in a variety of psychological disorders, which makes it ideal for many therapist. What I liked most about this theory and feel that will be something I would use was, assertion training. Many people that we come across lack the confidence to excel because they lack ways to express themselves and by utilizing this technique, they will be able to replace maladaptive social skills with new skills(Corey, 2013, pg. 264). This technique is very universal and can be used in a variety of situations, but more importantly can be tailored to a specific client needs. Empirical research has show that assertion training teaches clients to make a temporary decision, and emphasizes the fact that it can be changed(Flowers, 1978, pg. 746). This technique allows clients to adopt new beliefs and also clarify any goals which have been hampered due to lack of assertiveness. A downfall to this technique would have to be that it seeks to resolve the clients problems quickly, r ather than to really figure out where the problem stemmed. I believe that it is important to understand the persons feelings, emotions, thoughts before you really start to unravel and explore their world, so in this aspect I believe this is a really big drawback for me. Behavior therapy may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings(Corey, 2013, pg. 279). If you just change the behavior, the feelings are still going to be there, so you essentially just doing a temporary fix. RealityShow MoreRelatedCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 PagesBen and I think might help him cope with things going on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you canRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 PagesBen and I think might help him cope with things going on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you canRead MoreCounseling Therapy729 Words   |  3 PagesCognitive Behavioral Approach My preferred theoretical orientation is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). 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Antisocial Personality Disorder Essay Example For Students

Antisocial Personality Disorder Essay They are your neighbors. They are your friends. Maybe they are even your family. You talk with them often, and have even had them over for dinner on occasion. Perhaps your children play in the same playground or spend time in the same social group. Although you have noticed some quirks and idiosyncrasies, you would never know the difference, and you would never expect the worst. After something bad happens that draws your attention to them, you have been forced to accept the truth: someone you know has Antisocial Personality Disorder. Antisocial Personality Disorder is a personality disorder recognized within the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. This disorder is a lifelong infliction that affects more men than women. An approximate six percent of men and one percent of women in the United States population are considered sociopaths or psychopaths (Wood). In order to be diagnosed with this disorder, the individual must be at least eighteen years old, but the antisocial behaviors must have occurred in the individual by age fifteen. According to Dr. Luchiano Picchio, an individual diagnosed with this disorder is marked by an inability to social norms involving many aspects of the patients life (Picchio). As listed within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version Four (DSM-IV) (2000), the diagnostic criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder are: (1) failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest; (2) deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure; (3) impulsivity or failure to plan ahead; (4) irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults; (5) reckless disregard for safety of self or others; (6) consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations; and (7) lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another (American Psychiatric Association APA, 2000, p. 701). We will write a custom essay on Antisocial Personality Disorder specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The typical psychopath hits his prime in his twenties, and eventually lessens his socially unacceptable acts by his forties (Black, 2000). He will probably come across as charming, and will almost certainly make relationships. However, to them, these are relationships in name only. They are ended whenever necessary or when it suits them, and the relationships are without depth or meaning, including marriages (Wood). Psychopaths have an innate ability to seek out and discover weaknesses in people, and make it a personal goal to target those weaknesses. They tend to carry a very low level of anxiety, and are rarely stressed. They are unlikely to hold a job for any length of time, as they begin to question the ways of their employers and they become uninterested in the tasks assigned to them. Their impulsivity keeps them from planning long-term, which results in a high occurrence of debt-fault (Wood.)While there have been no outwardly successful treatments for Antisocial Personality Dis order, many of the disorders individuals never seek treatment alone, as they see no reason to conform to the rules of society with which they find no satisfaction. Instead, the individual will be prompted by his family or friends, or will be forced by a court system to seek treatment, and then will usually comply, and will consent to treatment. Much of the recent treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder has been behavioral, and has not been based around biological or medicinal findings. One type of therapy used is psychotherapy, which should focus on helping the individual understand the nature and consequences of his disorder so he can be helped to control his behavior (Black, 2000). Another type of therapy used is cognitive therapy, which involves the patients efforts as much as it does the therapists efforts. According to Dr. Donald Black, The cognitive therapys major goal is to help the patient understand how he creates his own problems and how his distorted perceptions prevent him from seeing himself the way others view him (2000). .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e , .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .postImageUrl , .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e , .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:hover , .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:visited , .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:active { border:0!important; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:active , .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9730387228fe704e309f949ce9a6a69e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander The Great EssayAlthough medications are not typically used to treat Antisocial Personality Disorder, some various medicines have been tested and experimented. One of these medicines is lithium carbonate, which has been found to reduce anger, threatening behavior and combativeness (Black 2000). Another kind of medicine tried is Dilantin, which has been used to reduce aggressiveness within prisons. Some other kinds of medicine tried in treating Antisocial Personality Disorder include antipsychotic medications, which also deter aggression, but carry irreversible side effects. While the total effects of Antisocial Personality Disorder cannot be treated by medication, its smaller components, such as depression and anxiety disorders, can be treated successfully (Black 2000). Antisocial Personality Disorder is a serious disorder experienced by many men and women every day. Although those inflicted by the disorder can lead normal lives and usually do, they can be considered dangerous, and those spending time around them should pay close attention to both their own safety and the safety of the sociopath. After all, as William and Joan McCord stated in The Psychopath, Psychopathy, possibly more than other mental disorders, threatens the safety, the serenity, and the security of American life (Olsen 1984, p. 191). ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Washington D.C.: Author. Black, D. (2000, November 25). What is antisocial personality disorder? Psych Central. Retrieved April 21, 2004, from http://psychcentral.com/library/asp_general.htmlOlsen, J. (1984). Son. New York: Atheneum. Picchio, L. (n.d.) Antisocial personality disorder. Dauphin County RADAR. Retrieved April 14, 2004, from http://dcradar.org/doctors/picchio_0501.htmlWood, D. (n.d.) What is antisocial personality disorder? Mental Health Matters. Retrieved April 21, 2004, from http://www.mental-health-matters.com/articles/print.php?artID=51